{"id":1600,"date":"2023-07-04T10:40:24","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T08:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/bayt-al-%e1%b8%a5ikma-leredita-raccolta-dai-paesi-del-mediterraneo\/"},"modified":"2024-04-24T10:41:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T08:41:29","slug":"bayt-al-hikma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/bayt-al-hikma\/","title":{"rendered":"Bayt al-\u1e24ikma: a legacy still surviving in the Mediterranean"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/bayt-al-hikma\/#the_story_of_bayt_al-hikma\" >The story of Bayt al-Hikma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/bayt-al-hikma\/#the_end_of_bayt_al-%e1%b8%a4ikma_and_the_position_of_nasir_al-din_al-tusi\" >The end of Bayt al-\u1e24ikma and the position of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/bayt-al-hikma\/#the_legacy_of_bayt_al-%e1%b8%a4ikma_in_the_mediterranean_countries\" >The legacy of Bayt al-\u1e24ikma in the Mediterranean countries<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>More than a millennium ago, the <strong>Bayt al-\u1e24ikma<\/strong> was built in Baghdad: the small private library of the great caliph H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd became one of the cultural reference points of the Arab-Islamic world, if not the largest cultural center during the golden era of Islamic domination.<\/p>\n<p>Its history was too short, lasting just over four centuries; however, the enormous cultural treasure contained in it has been, since then, an inspiration for the creation of further cultural centers, past and present, built in various Mediterranean countries. But, before discovering them, we need to take a step back, to the end of the eighth century, to the origins of a <strong>simple idea that would change the world<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_story_of_bayt_al-hikma\"><\/span>The story of Bayt al-Hikma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most important cultural center of the Arab-Islamic world was born as the simple personal library of a caliph destined to remain in history: <strong>H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd<\/strong>. Man of great culture and great wisdom, many anecdotes are linked to his figure.<\/p>\n<p>Main character of many of the stories told in <strong><em>The Thousand and One Nights<\/em><\/strong>, he entered history for his charitable and fearful soul of the afterlife. However, his reign, despite being the starting point for the Islamic golden age, is remembered for the numerous internal revolts that gave rise to the increasingly deep rifts that occurred from a political point of view throughout the remaining years of the Abbasid dynasty.<\/p>\n<p>The caliph&#8217;s library was enlarged from 832 onwards, thanks to his son al-Ma&#8217;mun: like his father, he loved culture above all things, preferring it, according to the testimonies of the time, to the battles of conquest. He personally took care of the &#8220;house of wisdom&#8221;, promoting the studies of Egyptology; he was a great lover of astronomy, giving the order to <strong>build the first observatory in Baghdad<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In this moment of splendour, which also continued under the reign of al-Wathiq, nephew of H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd, <strong>it was established the practice of translation<\/strong>: not only the texts of Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, Hippocrates were thus released in Arabic , but also treatises on medicine, engineering, economics, as well as those relating to astronomy and agriculture.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_end_of_bayt_al-%e1%b8%a4ikma_and_the_position_of_nasir_al-din_al-tusi\"><\/span>The end of Bayt al-\u1e24ikma and the position of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Bayt al-\u1e24ikma met its end in 1258, during the capture of Baghdad by Hulagu, the great Mongol khan. There are numerous testimonies of the disastrous event, often fictionalized to emphasize the terrible loss suffered by the scholars of the time: the invaders <strong>threw<\/strong> <strong>thousands of texts into the waters of the Tigris<\/strong>, which according to legends turned black for all the lost ink. Other stories tell of such a quantity of volumes thrown into the water that they formed a bridge.<\/p>\n<p>The famous scholar <strong>Nasir al-Din al-Tusi<\/strong> is often associated with this serious loss. According to the testimonies of the time, he managed to save at least 400,000 volumes; however, his position during the siege of Baghdad remains ambiguous.<\/p>\n<p>He was in fact captured by the troops of the great Khan before the attack on the city; Hulagu treated al-Tusi with great respect, admiring his studies and making him part of his private council: for this reason, al-Tusi <strong>may have played a key role during the destruction of the city<\/strong> and its cultural heritage, siding with the invaders.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks also to this advantageous position over the great Mongol Khan, al-Tusi became one of the most famous scholars of the medieval age of Islam: just think how he convinced Hulegu to build an astronomical observatory, which allowed him to <strong>calculate the planetary movements and the position of the stars<\/strong>, producing a script (<em>Zij-i ilkhani<\/em>) which was used until the creation of the heliocentric theory two centuries later.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_legacy_of_bayt_al-%e1%b8%a4ikma_in_the_mediterranean_countries\"><\/span>The legacy of Bayt al-\u1e24ikma in the Mediterranean countries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Though the most important, the Bayt al-\u1e24ikma was not the only &#8220;house of wisdom&#8221; built; during its existence, and even after its destruction, <strong>many other great cultural centers were built in the Mediterranean countries<\/strong>, some of which still exist today.<\/p>\n<p>Other points of reference for culture are present, in the contemporary age, in Fez, Morocco, but also in France; in Tunis, <strong>the Be\u00eft al-Hikma built in 1983<\/strong> has been welcoming students from the humanities sector for some time; finally, it should not be forgotten the Bibliotheca Alexandrina which, although descending from another famous cultural center, collects the vast legacy left by the ancient study centers.<\/p>\n<p>Among them, the Library of Alexandria must certainly be mentioned; but also the Dar al-Hikmah built by order of the caliph <a href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/al-hakim-e-sitt-al-mulk\/\">al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah<\/a> during the first years of his reign: before being destroyed, it extended so much that it was <strong>almost considered one of the wonders of the ancient world<\/strong>. The cultural heritage of the Bayt al-\u1e24ikma, therefore, has not been lost: it continues to inspire the construction of new, very important poles, to ensure that the great treasures of wisdom continue to live forever.<\/p>\n<p>Stay up to date by following us on <a href=\"http:\/\/t.me\/ilNuovoMediterraneo\">Telegram<\/a>!<\/p>\n<div data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkwrap cbxwpbkmarkwrap_guest cbxwpbkmarkwrap_user_cat cbxwpbkmarkwrap-post \"><a  data-redirect-url=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/\"  data-display-label=\"1\" data-show-count=\"0\" data-bookmark-label=\"Aggiungi ai Preferiti\"  data-bookmarked-label=\"Rimuovi dai Preferiti\"  data-loggedin=\"0\" data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig  cbxwpbkmarktrig-button-addto ld-ext-left\" title=\"Bookmark This\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-icon\"><\/span><span class=\"ld ld-ring ld-spin\"><\/span><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-label\" >Aggiungi ai Preferiti<\/span><\/a> <div  data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap\" id=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap-1600\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message-head\"><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message-head-label\">Please login to bookmark<\/span><a class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguesttrig_close\" role=\"button\" title=\"Click to close bookmark panel\/modal\" href=\"#\" ><i class=\"cbx-icon\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><\/svg><\/i><i class=\"sr-only\">Close<\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-content\">\n<div class=\"cbx-chota\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\"><div class=\"cbx-guest-wrap cbxwpbookmark-guest-wrap\"><div class=\"cbx-guest-login-wrap cbxwpbookmark-guest-login-wrap\"><form name=\"loginform\" id=\"loginform\" action=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-login.php\" method=\"post\"><p class=\"login-username\">\n\t\t\t\t<label for=\"user_login\">Username or Email Address<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" name=\"log\" id=\"user_login\" autocomplete=\"username\" class=\"input\" value=\"\" size=\"20\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/p><p class=\"login-password\">\n\t\t\t\t<label for=\"user_pass\">Password<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"password\" name=\"pwd\" id=\"user_pass\" autocomplete=\"current-password\" spellcheck=\"false\" class=\"input\" value=\"\" size=\"20\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/p><p class=\"login-remember\"><label><input name=\"rememberme\" type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rememberme\" value=\"forever\" \/> Remember Me<\/label><\/p><p class=\"login-submit\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"submit\" name=\"wp-submit\" id=\"wp-submit\" class=\"button button-primary\" value=\"Log In\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect_to\" value=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/p><\/form><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u2019era una volta la Bayt al-\u1e24ikma, che and\u00f2 perduta quasi otto secoli fa. Ma molti Paesi del Mediterraneo hanno raccolto la sua grande eredit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<div data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkwrap cbxwpbkmarkwrap_guest cbxwpbkmarkwrap_user_cat cbxwpbkmarkwrap-post \"><a  data-redirect-url=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/\"  data-display-label=\"1\" data-show-count=\"0\" data-bookmark-label=\"Aggiungi ai Preferiti\"  data-bookmarked-label=\"Rimuovi dai Preferiti\"  data-loggedin=\"0\" data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig  cbxwpbkmarktrig-button-addto ld-ext-left\" title=\"Bookmark This\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-icon\"><\/span><span class=\"ld ld-ring ld-spin\"><\/span><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-label\" >Aggiungi ai Preferiti<\/span><\/a> <div  data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"1600\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap\" id=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap-1600\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message-head\"><span 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