{"id":3705,"date":"2024-02-27T12:06:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T11:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/"},"modified":"2024-04-23T17:25:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T15:25:50","slug":"ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/","title":{"rendered":"Ramadan: fasting and contact with God in the sacred month of Islam"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/#the_5_pillars_of_islam\" >The 5 pillars of Islam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/#ramadan_fasting_the_4th_pillar_of_islam\" >Ramadan fasting: the 4th pillar of Islam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/#other_curiosities_about_sawm\" >Other curiosities about sawm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/#laylat_al-qadr_the_holiest_night_for_muslims\" >Laylat al-Qadr: the holiest night for Muslims<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/ramadan-digiuno-e-avvicinamento-a-dio-nel-mese-sacro-dellislam\/#%e2%80%98id_al-fitr_the_breaking_of_the_fast\" >\u2018Id al-Fitr: the breaking of the fast<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>O you who have believed, <strong>decreed upon you is fasting<\/strong> as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous &#8211; [Fasting for] a limited number of days. <\/em><br \/>\n(Koran: Sura II, verses 183-4)<\/p>\n<p>Ramadan is the <strong>holiest month for Muslims<\/strong>. It represents a moment of intense communion with Allah, of prayers, and of sacrifice to be made through <strong>fasting<\/strong>, the fourth of the five obligations dictated by Islam.<\/p>\n<p>It is a very hard test of will and love towards God, during which the whole <strong>Muslim community breaks daily routines<\/strong> and connects with <strong>spiritual virtue<\/strong>. During Ramadan, physiological needs must be disciplined: mastery of one&#8217;s body is the path that leads to a greater inner good.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3688\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3688\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3688 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-ahmed-aqtai-2233416-1140x760.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3688\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pexels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While waiting for the <strong>start of Ramadan in 2024<\/strong>, which will be <strong>around 10 or 11 March<\/strong>, this article will offer a quick look at the five pillars of Islam, of which fasting (<em>sawm<\/em> or <em>siy\u0101m<\/em> in Arabic) is part, and a description of the obligations and of the most important religious holidays linked to the sacred month.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_5_pillars_of_islam\"><\/span><strong>The 5 pillars of Islam<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>God asks men to recognize his sovereignty through active submission (not a passive and unconscious one). He <strong>demands obedience,<\/strong> and this obedience materializes in the <em>\u2018ibadat<\/em> or acts of worship. These are probably better known as \u201c<strong>the pillars of Islam<\/strong>\u201d (<em>ark\u0101n al-Isl\u0101m<\/em>). They are disciplinary acts, concrete actions, words, and gestures, necessary for the purification of souls and to get closer to God. Furthermore, they are <em>w\u0101jib<\/em>, that is, obligatory.<\/p>\n<p>The prescriptions on the pillars of Islam are <strong>contained in the Koran<\/strong>, the sacred book of Muslims, but are more &#8220;in-depth&#8221; <strong>in the <em>hadith<\/em><\/strong>, the corpus on Prophet Muhammad\u2019s sayings and accounts of daily practices collected in the <em>Sunnah<\/em>. Each Islamic legal school also contemplates very precise rules on the duties of Muslims and the punishments for transgressors.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3690\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3690\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3690 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-7249178-1140x760.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pexels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The <em>ark\u0101n al-Isl\u0101m<\/em> are: the profession of faith, the daily ritual prayers, the ritual almsgiving, the fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. Let\u2019s look at them in order.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><em>Shah\u0101da<\/em><\/strong>. It is a <strong>profession of faith<\/strong> to God and to his messenger Muhammad, and contains the two most important theological principles of Islam: \u201c<em>there is no god but God<\/em>\u201d (<em>la Ilah illa Allah<\/em>) and \u201c<em>Muhammad is God\u2019s messenger<\/em>\u201d (<em>wa Muhammad rasul Allah<\/em>). Therefore, Islam contemplates a double testimony of faith that Muslims must address both to Allah and to the last Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, who witnessed the divine prophecy, delivering the Koran (divine verb) to men.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sal\u0101t<\/strong>. They are the <strong>five canonical prayers<\/strong> that Muslims must perform at five specific times of the day, in the direction of Mecca. They are the dawn (<em>fajr<\/em>), midday (<em>zhuhr<\/em>), afternoon (<em>asr<\/em>), before the sun sets, evening (<em>maghrib<\/em>) and night (<em>\u2018isha\u2019<\/em>) prayers. Canonical ritual prayers differ from voluntary ones which can occur at any time.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Zak\u0101t<\/em><\/strong>. <strong>Ritual almsgiving<\/strong> is one of the most recommended duties. It is a real wealth tax, regulated by law with precise formulas.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Sawm<\/em><\/strong><em>. <\/em><strong>Fasting<\/strong> in the month of Ramadan is obligatory for all believers of sound mind and body (<em>mukallaf<\/em>), for those who reach the age of puberty, who must abstain from drinking, eating, smoking and having sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk. There is, however, some flexibility: those who cannot fast in the month of Ramadan can &#8220;make up&#8221; these days at a later time. We will return to the topic further on.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Hajj<\/em><\/strong>. The <strong>pilgrimage to Mecca<\/strong>, home of the <em>Ka\u2018ba<\/em>, the sanctuary <em>par excellence<\/em> for the worship of God. This pilgrimage is also called \u201cmajor\u201d because it distinguishes from the minor, known as \u2018<em>umra<\/em>. The last mentioned can be done at any time of the year, while the major pilgrimage has a time limit: the 7th of the month of <em>Dhu-l Hijja<\/em>. It lasts until the 10th of the same month, although some ceremonies last up to three days.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ramadan_fasting_the_4th_pillar_of_islam\"><\/span><strong>Ramadan fasting: the 4th pillar of Islam<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fasting begins and ends in the month of Ramadan. This is the ninth of the twelve months of the <strong>Islamic lunar calendar<\/strong>. Since the Islamic liturgical year follows the cycle of the moon and has a duration of 355\/356 days, <strong>the start date of Ramadan is never the same<\/strong>, but moves back by approximately 10\/11 days each year.<\/p>\n<p>Officially, <strong>the beginning of Ramadan coincides with the sighting of the new moon<\/strong>, and its end with that of the next moon, which marks the beginning of the month of <em>Shawwal<\/em>. \u201c<em>The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur&#8217;an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. <strong>So<\/strong> <strong>whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it<\/strong>. <\/em>[&#8230;]\u201d (Koran: II, 185).<\/p>\n<p>Fasting must be observed every day, for the whole month, <strong>from dawn to dusk<\/strong>, from the first light of the sun to the last: \u201c<em>until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]<\/em>\u201d (II, 187). This, of course, entails a greater sacrifice for believers who live in specific latitudes, where the days are longer, or during summer, for example. <strong>Fasting can, in fact, last from approximately 9 to 20 hours<\/strong>, based on these factors.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sawm<\/em> is not limited to <strong>abstention<\/strong> (<em>ims\u0101k<\/em>) <strong>from food and drink<\/strong> (including water), <strong>but also from sexual intercourse and smoking<\/strong>. Muslims eat two meals during Ramadan: <em>suh\u016br<\/em>, the breakfast that precedes the start of fasting, and <em>ift\u0101r<\/em> (or <em>fut\u016br<\/em>), the evening meal that begins only at the end of the <em>maghrib<\/em> prayer.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3678\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3678\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3678 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Datteri-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Datteri-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Datteri-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Datteri-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Datteri-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pexels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Suh\u016br<\/em> is consumed very early and is a fundamental meal, necessary to store the energy needed to face the whole day. <strong>It is a tradition to eat dates during Ramadan<\/strong>, particularly during <em>ift\u0101r<\/em>, reiterating the habit of the Prophet Muhammad, who used to break his fast with water and dates.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"other_curiosities_about_sawm\"><\/span><strong>Other curiosities about <em>sawm<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As already mentioned, fasting is obligatory for all healthy adult Muslims. For some categories of people, however, there exists an exemption from the obligation (<em>fard<\/em>). These people include the <strong>elderly, children, travellers, the sick, women during their menstrual cycle and pregnant ones<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For those who find themselves in one of the conditions described above, it is possible to make up the \u201clost\u201d fasting days at a later time, during the rest of the year. This is evident in a passage from the Koran: \u201c<em>So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] &#8211; then an equal number of days [are to be made up].<\/em>\u201d (II, 184).<\/p>\n<p>The same verse continues: \u201c<em>And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] &#8211; a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess &#8211; it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.<\/em>\u201d. The Muslim who does not fulfill the obligation of fasting, despite being able to do so, <strong>commits a sin and must pay the price<\/strong>. He will do this through sincere repentance towards God and by performing more acts of good, such as giving generous donations to the poor (in addition to ritual almsgiving).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"laylat_al-qadr_the_holiest_night_for_muslims\"><\/span><strong><em>Laylat al-Qadr<\/em>: the holiest night for Muslims<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The holiest night of Ramadan is undoubtedly <em>Laylat al-Qadr<\/em>, in Arabic: <strong>the Night of Destiny<\/strong>, or of Power. This occurs the night <strong>between the 26th and 27th day of the month<\/strong> and represents a very important moment of prayer for Muslims. According to tradition, divine revelation began that very night.<\/p>\n<p>The Prophet Muhammad was on a spiritual retreat at the cave of Mount Hira, in present-day Saudi Arabia, when he <strong>received the first revelation<\/strong>. It was at night: the divine word was transmitted to him through the archangel Gabriel. From that moment, the Prophet would receive many other revelations until his death in 632 AD.<\/p>\n<p>It is called &#8220;Night of Destiny&#8221; because that first visit of the archangel Gabriel to the Prophet forever <strong>marked the destiny of humankind<\/strong>. Therefore, prayer during <em>Laylat al-Qadr<\/em> has an absolutely central religious value for Muslims.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%98id_al-fitr_the_breaking_of_the_fast\"><\/span><strong><em>\u2018Id al-Fitr<\/em>: the breaking of the fast<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The last day of Ramadan is happily celebrated in Islamic tradition. It is one of the most important holidays, <em>\u2018id<\/em> in Arabic, in Islam. These include the \u2018<em>id al-Adha<\/em>, the feast of the sacrifice of the lamb on the day on which the pilgrimage to Mecca ends, also known as <em>\u2018id al-kab\u012br<\/em>, and the small feast, which marks the <strong>breaking the Ramadan fast<\/strong>. The latter is called <em>\u2018id al-Fitr<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The celebration that closes the <em>sawm <\/em>of Ramadan <strong>lasts three days<\/strong>. It begins only after the sighting of the new moon which inaugurates the month of <em>Shawwal<\/em> and is celebrated together with relatives and friends. It is a moment of strong religious value and communion. Muslims gather in mosques for the <em>&#8216;id<\/em> prayer, carried out at dawn (<em>sal\u0101t al-fajr<\/em>), but rich banquets and donations of alms (the <em>zak\u0101t<\/em>) are also planned.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3686\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3686\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3686 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-1024x740.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-1024x740.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-1536x1110.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-2048x1480.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-120x86.jpg 120w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-750x542.jpg 750w, https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pexels-alena-darmel-8164538-1140x824.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3686\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pexels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>\u2018Id al-Fitr<\/em> this year will probably be <strong>on April 10<\/strong>, but, as already mentioned at the beginning of the article, the precise date cannot still be communicated.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Stay up to date by following us on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/ilNuovoMediterraneo\"><em>Telegram<\/em><\/a><em> and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ilnuovomediterraneo\/\"><em>Instagram<\/em><\/a><em>!\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<div data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkwrap cbxwpbkmarkwrap_guest cbxwpbkmarkwrap_user_cat cbxwpbkmarkwrap-post \"><a  data-redirect-url=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3705\/\"  data-display-label=\"1\" data-show-count=\"0\" data-bookmark-label=\"Aggiungi ai Preferiti\"  data-bookmarked-label=\"Rimuovi dai Preferiti\"  data-loggedin=\"0\" data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig  cbxwpbkmarktrig-button-addto ld-ext-left\" title=\"Bookmark This\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-icon\"><\/span><span class=\"ld ld-ring ld-spin\"><\/span><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-label\" >Aggiungi ai Preferiti<\/span><\/a> <div  data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap\" 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(Koran: Sura II, verses 183-4) Ramadan is the holiest month for Muslims. It represents a moment of intense communion with Allah, of prayers, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkwrap cbxwpbkmarkwrap_guest cbxwpbkmarkwrap_user_cat cbxwpbkmarkwrap-post \"><a  data-redirect-url=\"https:\/\/ilnuovomediterraneo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3705\/\"  data-display-label=\"1\" data-show-count=\"0\" data-bookmark-label=\"Aggiungi ai Preferiti\"  data-bookmarked-label=\"Rimuovi dai Preferiti\"  data-loggedin=\"0\" data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig  cbxwpbkmarktrig-button-addto ld-ext-left\" title=\"Bookmark This\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-icon\"><\/span><span class=\"ld ld-ring ld-spin\"><\/span><span class=\"cbxwpbkmarktrig-label\" >Aggiungi ai Preferiti<\/span><\/a> <div  data-type=\"post\" data-object_id=\"3705\" class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap\" id=\"cbxwpbkmarkguestwrap-3705\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message\"><div class=\"cbxwpbkmarkguest-message-head\"><span 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