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Mimar Sinan: the slave chief architect of the Ottoman Empire

In Turkey it is possible to admire valuable buildings: they were designed by Mimar Sinan, a slave who became chief architect of the Ottoman Empire.

Maya Rao by Maya Rao
24 April 2024
in Excellent People
Reading Time: 2 mins read
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Credits: Darwinek, via Wikimedia Commons. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

Contents

  • The origins of Mimar Sinan and the devşirme
  • Architetto capo dell’Impero Ottomano

Questo articolo è disponibile anche in: Italian

Turkey is among those Mediterranean countries where there is a large concentration of buildings, varied and with different purposes, but united by a unique beauty of its kind. A numerically important part of these buildings were designed and built by Mimar Sinan, who, for over half a century, held the title of chief architect of the Ottoman Empire. But not everyone knows, however, that this character, of vital importance for Ottoman architecture, has origins linked to slavery.

The origins of Mimar Sinan and the devşirme

The real origin of Mimar Sinan remains, even today, highly debated. He may have been Armenian, Greek or Albanian; the year of his birth is also uncertain, although it is thought that the future chief architect of the Ottoman Empire was born within the last twenty years of the 1400s, and more precisely between 1485 and 1491.

What is certain is how the young man, living in one of the territories conquered by the Ottoman Empire, was subjected to the practice of devşirme: the practice which saw the transfer of prisoners taken into slavery, after a conquest, to Istanbul, to become loyal servants or soldiers. For the boy the choice fell on military service: thus, from 1512 onwards, he was assigned to the Janissaries, becoming an officer in around 1534.

Fu proprio la vita da soldato a permettere a Sinan di formarsi artisticamente: partecipando alle numerose campagne militari di Solimano il Magnifico, infatti, ebbe la possibilità di conoscere quelli che erano gli stili architettonici dell’epoca, presenti in gran parte dell’Europa e dell’Asia. Fu così che, di pari passo alla carriera militare, Sinan divenne architetto, disegnando grandi e piccole strutture, che presto avrebbero attratto l’attenzione dei regnanti.

Architetto capo dell’Impero Ottomano

La prima a interessarsi al lavoro di Sinan fu Haseki Sultan Hürrem, favorita di Solimano e prima concubina a lasciare tale ruolo per divenire moglie legale del sultano, dando vita a una tradizione perdurata negli anni a venire. La donna, affascinata dallo stile dell’architetto, gli commissionò una moschea imperiale, il Complesso Haseki Sultan: fu la prima di una lunga serie di lavori assegnati all’architetto dal sultano, dalla moglie e dalla sua famiglia, portandolo a divenire Mimar, architetto capo dell’Impero.

Il lavoro di Mimar Sultan si protrarrà per più di mezzo secolo, al servizio non solo di Solimano il Magnifico, ma anche del figlio Selim II e del nipote Murad III, dando vita ad alcune delle più belle costruzioni dell’epoca ottomana, rimaste imbattute in grandiosità e splendore. L’ex Giannizzero si spegnerà in tarda età: rimanendo fedele al suo stile, progetterà la sua türbe (o “mausoleo”), venendo seppellito nelle vicinanze dei suoi più grandi benefattori, Solimano e Hürrem.

Le sue opere, ancora oggi, nonostante i dovuti lavori di restauro, restano ancora tra le mete più scelte dai turisti; gli hammām costruiti dall’architetto, oggi rimessi in funzione, sono tra i più belli presenti in Turchia. Il lavoro di Mimar Sinan, dunque, vive ancora oggi, celebrando colui che, da schiavo, ottenne una posizione di prestigio, tanto da esser ricordato come l’artefice del momento di massimo splendore dell’architettura ottomana.

 

 

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